Do popular PyPI packages rely on 'OS Independent'? No — the long tail does (81% vs 72%); the head names real platforms

Munim, Inc. conducted research on PyPI project classifiers using AI. Findings reveal that long-tail packages rely more on the Operating System :: OS Independent marker compared to popular packages, which typically name specific platforms. Additionally, the long tail flags non-English languages more frequently than the most-downloaded packages, with 7.7% versus 2.4% of declarers. This work, published as MV2 of Munim, Inc., utilized raw counts in sealed containers and live spot-checks to ensure data accuracy.