Beyond Vibe Coding: Engineering Resilient AI Agents with FSMs, Privacy, and Cost Controls

Vibe coding, relying on LLMs for application generation via natural language, is reaching its limits due to a lack of deterministic state management and safety constraints. While LLMs excel at boilerplate and refactoring, production-grade AI agents require structural oversight. The core skill is shifting from prompt writing to sound engineering decisions. Human judgment remains essential to ensure that AI-generated code is secure, scalable, and maintainable through proper architecture and rigorous data security controls.