TypeScript: Interfaces

TypeScript utilizes interfaces as fundamental contracts to describe object shapes, differing from types which handle unions and primitives. Abstract classes provide partially implemented contracts that cannot be instantiated directly, requiring subclasses to define specific methods. Furthermore, inheritance allows classes to extend others, inheriting members through the super call. This structure enables polymorphism, allowing different object types to be treated uniformly, ensuring a robust and scalable architecture for developers managing complex data shapes.